Особенности привлечения «зеленых» инвестиций в Нигерии
Раков И.Д.1
1 Научно-исследовательский финансовый институт Министерства финансов Российской Федерации, Россия, Москва
Скачать PDF | Загрузок: 85 | Цитирований: 6
Статья в журнале
Экономические отношения (РИНЦ, ВАК)
опубликовать статью | оформить подписку
Том 11, Номер 3 (Июль-сентябрь 2021)
Эта статья проиндексирована РИНЦ, см. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=46553373 [46553373]
Цитирований: 6
Аннотация:
Исследование по привлечению «зеленых» инвестиций в Нигерии актуализируется новым глобальным трендом по устойчивому развитию и экспортно-сырьевой концепцией страны. В статье рассматриваются основные этапы формирования «зеленого» сектора экономики, где политические решения по данному вопросу играют основную роль. Также рассмотрен механизм государственного регулирования и поддержки «зеленых» инвестиций. Сделан вывод о возможности перехода к «зеленому» росту для экспортно-сырьевых стран, где основным драйвером данной трансформации выступает государство.
Ключевые слова: устойчивое развитие, «зеленая» экономика, Нигерия, «зеленые» инвестиции, государственная политика
JEL-классификация: F21, F53, G18, O44, Q58
: , . . , . , . 90% , 90% 80% [1, . 16] (Oyedepo, 2013, . 16). , .
, .. [2] (Porfirev, 2019); .. . [3] (Yakovlev, Kabir, Nikulina, Rakov, 2017); .. . [4] (Kabir, Nikulina, 2020); .. [5] (Terentev, 2020). ( .. [6, 7] (Rakov, 2017; Rakov, 2018); .. . [8] (Bokarev, Yakovlev, Kabir, 2017); .. [9] (Selishcheva, 2018)), ( . [10] (Gusev, 2020); .. . [11] (Gureva, Simarova, 2017); .. . [12] (Dovbiy, Degterenko, Kobylyakova, 2020)). ( .. . [13] (Yakovlev, Kabir, Nikulina, Rakov, 2020)), Oyedepo S.O. [1] (Oyedepo, 2013)). , : .
- . , - . , .
, .
. 1986 ., - [14, . 717] (Lewis, Stein, 1997, . 717), . 1991 . ; 1995 . ; 1999 . [15, . 23] (Etim, Benson, 2015, . 23).
1999 . . 2003 . , , . , 2012 . (Nigerian Sustainable Banking Principles, 2012), [16], [17, . 6].
, , 2012 . [17, . 3].
9 : ; ; ; ; ; ; ; . . 2017 . 26 [17, . 6].
: Access Bank (2009 ) Fidelity Bank Plc (2012 .).
20122015 . :
1. USAID [1] Ecobank Nigeria [2] (2012 ) 5 . 2015 Ecobank Nigeria [18].
2. (Power Sector Guarantees Project, 2014), . , ( ) ( ). , . Azura Edo 459 ( 245 . ) Qua Iboe 533 ( 150 . ). Azura Edo 135 . 659 . [19, . 1718].
2015 ( 21) , NDC [3] (Nationally Determined Contributions . . , ) [21]. 2016 [22, . 7].
21 (Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, INDC), , 2015 . Nigerias Intended Nationally Determined Contribution [23, . 1]. , , Green Bond Principles [24].
: 2030 ; 13 ; ; ; ; - .
, INDC (Nigeria National Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Policy, NREEEP) (2015 ).
NDC (2018 .), , [25]. ; ; , ; NDC [26].
2017 . [4]. . , , , , [27].
20162017 . , 1999 , (Green Bond Guidelines, GBG). , : , , , , [28].
, 2017 (Climate Bonds Standard) , , . 142 13,48% [29]. , , ( ) [30].
, Moodys, DNV GL [5] Climate Bonds. - , : , , , , , , [31].
(Nigerias Sustainable Energy for All, SEforALL) 2018 , : SEforALL Africa Hub ( ), , , . 30:30:30 30:30:30 [32].
2018 , , - (). [32].
2018 . Climate Bonds Initiative, Fmdq OTC Securities Exchange [6], FSD Africa [7] [34].
. , 2019 Access Bank [8] 5- 15 ( 41 ), (Climate Bonds Standard) . , , , , , [35].
2019 . 15 , 5 NDC: ; ; ; . (Green Bond Advisory Group, GBAG), ( , .), (Chapel Hill Denham, Capital Assets .) (, ) [36].
2020 . 25 [37].
,
, . , : , , , , . , 30 . 30:30:30 (Nigerai Vision 30:30:30). (75% 2020 100% 2030 ) 2003 2005 [38].
(National Gas Master Plan) , , , . (Clean development mechanism, CDM) (carbon credits) [39]. 2019 12 , 5 4 , . [9]:
‒ . Nigerian Agip Oil Company (NAOC) 2005 , [40];
‒ (Afam Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Project). 650 [41];
‒ (OML58 IPP Gas Fired Generation Project). (IPP) [42].
30:30:30 2018 [32]:
‒ 8,36 2 - , ;
‒ 66,6 50 - .
, , .
, , :
1. 1999 : ; ; ; ; . [43]:
‒ (National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency, NESREA);
‒ (National Park Services, NPS);
‒ - (Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, FRIN);
‒ (National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency, NOSDRA);
‒ (Environmental Health Officers Registration Council, EHORECON).
2. (Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission, NIPC) , [44]. , . , Nigus Investments LTI ReEnergy NIPC 5 100 600 [45].
3. (Energy Commission of Nigeria, ECN) 1979 , (, , ) [46].
4. (Rural Electrification Agency, REA) , , [47, 48].
5. (The Nigerian Bulk Electricity Trading, NBET) 100% , [49, 50]. 2016 (115 . / /), - [51].
- , .
-, - , [39, . 94]:
‒ (Environmental Impact Assessment Act) , ;
‒ (Harmful Waste Act) , , ; .
-, - [39, . 94]:
‒ (National Environmental Protection Regulations) ;
‒ (Environmental Guidelines and Standards for the Petroleum Industry) ;
‒ (Mineral Oil Safety Regulations);
‒ (National Guidelines and Standards on Environmental Pollution); .
-, - , , .
2006 (Renewable Energy Master Plan). 2012 , (Federal Executive Council, FEC) [10]. (Nigeria National Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Policy, NREEEP) 2015 [52].
NREEEP 2015 . : , , , , . , , [53].
, , [54]:
‒ (Nigeria Feed-in Tariffs), (, , , ). , 50% . ;
‒ (Nigeria Biofuels Blending Mandate). 2007 , ;
‒ , (2015 ) (Nigeria Import Duty Reduction);
‒ - (Nigeria Mini-Grid Regulation). . 12- - ;
‒ (Nigeria VAT Exemptions) ;
‒ (Nigeria Tax Incentives) . , , . , . 10 , 5 . 150 . [54];
‒ (Nigeria Rural Electrification Fund). . - [54].
, , (Energy Commission of Nigeria, ECN) (Renewable Energy Master Plan), . [54]:
‒ (Nigeria Soft Loans). 5%;
‒ (Nigeria Accelerated Depreciation). , ;
‒ , (Nigeria Investment Grants), :
( ) 30% , ;
, -.
- , . 1980- - . , . . , , .
. , .
, , , .
[1] ( ).
[2] Ecobank Transnational Inc.
[3] INDC ( ) 21 , NDC (, ) 2020 [20].
[4] .
[5] , .
[6] .
[7] , . : , , , [33].
[8] Access Bank Group .
[9] .
[10] , () .
Источники:
2. Порфирьев Б.Н. Парадигма низкоуглеродного развития и стратегия снижения рисков климатических изменений для экономики // Проблемы прогнозирования. – 2019. – № 2(173). – c. 3-13.
3. Яковлев И.А., Кабир Л.С., Никулина С.И., Раков И.Д. Финансирование «зеленого» экономического роста: концепции, проблемы, подходы // Научно-исследовательский финансовый институт. Финансовый журнал. – 2017. – № 3(37). – c. 9-21.
4. Кабир Л. С., Никулина С. И. Климатическое финансирование // Журнал Бюджет. – 2020. – № 10 (214). – c. 50-54.
5. Терентьев Н.Е. О перспективах развития зеленых энергетических технологий в условиях нестационарной экономики и глобальных сдвигов // Научные труды Вольного экономического общества России. – 2020. – № 3. – c. 213-218. – doi: 10.38197/2072-2060-2020-223-3-213-218.
6. Раков И.Д. Механизмы поддержки финансирования зеленых проектов: опыт стран // Актуальные проблемы экономики и права. – 2017. – № 2. – c. 67-82. – doi: 10.21202/1993-047X.11.2017.2.67-82.
7. Раков И.Д. На пути к зеленой экономике: опыт Италии и Франции // Международный журнал прикладных и фундаментальных исследований. – 2018. – № 11-2. – c. 389-397.
8. Бокарев А.А., Яковлев И.А., Кабир Л.С. «Зеленые» инвестиции в России: поиск приоритетных направлений // Научно-исследовательский финансовый институт. Финансовый журнал. – 2017. – № 6(40). – c. 40-49.
9. Селищева Т.А. Зеленая экономика как модель устойчивого развития стран ЕАЭС // Проблемы современной экономики. – 2018. – № 3(67). – c. 6-12.
10. Гусев А. Эволюция экономико-правовых отношений в зеленом развитии // Экономика и математические методы. – 2020. – № 1. – c. 44-53. – doi: 10.31857/S042473880008480-7.
11. Гурьева М.А., Симарова И.С. Оценка развития зеленой экономики в региональном экономическом пространстве (на примере субъектов УРФО) // Глобальный научный потенциал. – 2017. – № 9 (78). – c. 48-64.
12. Довбий И.П., Дегтеренко А.Н., Кобылякова В.В. Новая индустриализация в России как фактор перехода к зеленой экономике // Научно-исследовательский финансовый институт. Финансовый журнал. – 2020. – № 4. – c. 85-100. – doi: 10.31107/2075-1990-2020-4-85-100.
13. Яковлев И. А., Кабир Л. С., Никулина С. И., Раков И. Д. Трансформация национальной политики сырьевых стран под влиянием глобальной повестки устойчивого развития // Экономика региона. – 2020. – № 3. – c. 859-870. – doi: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2020-3-14.
14. Lewis P., Stein H. Shifting fortunes: The political economy of financial liberalization in Nigeria // World Development. – 1997. – № 25(1). – p. 5-22. – doi: 10.1016/S0305-750X(96)00085-X.
15. Etim N. A. A., Benson D. N. Financial Sector Reforms and Agricultural Development in Nigeria: A Review // Investment Management and Financial Innovations. – 2015. – № 1(1). – p. 16-26.
16. The Nigerian sustainable banking principles: A five Year Review. Issuu Inc. 2018. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://issuu.com/thistlepraxis/docs/the_nigerian_sustainable_banking_pr (дата обращения: 17.06.2019).
17. Sustainable Banking Network: Country Progress Report: Nigeria. International Finance Corporation. 2018. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/4e58cb05-31b4-4cbd-984d-9cce230ffb31/SBN+Country+Progress+Report+-+Nigeria.pdf?MOD=AJPERES (дата обращения: 02.04.2019).
18. Nigeria: financing innovative energy solutions. USAID's Development Credit Authority. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://usaid-credit.exposure.co/nigeria-financing-innovative-energy-solutions (дата обращения: 18.06.2019).
19. Credit Enhancement for Green Projects. Promoting credit-enhanced financing from multilateral development banks for green infrastructure financing. - International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2015. – 29 p.
20. Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://unfccc.int/focus/indc_portal/items/8766.php (дата обращения: 31.08.2021).
21. What is an INDC?. World Resources Institute. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.wri.org/indc-definition&xid=25657,15700023,15700186,15700191,15700256,15700259&usg=ALkJrhjnffjI0V6jy4RfVJZX_RsooDTx-g (дата обращения: 28.06.2019).
22. Wale-Smatt Oyerinde. Nigeria's Green Bonds. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.ioe-emp.org/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=134989&token=9feffb387c54b656511eda4be38d6a5548872565 (дата обращения: 31.08.2021).
23. A Report On The Progress Of Nigeria’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC), 2017. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://paccpolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/A-report-of-Nigeria-Progress-on-the-INDC.pdf (дата обращения: 17.06.2021).
24. Green BONDs. The Nigerian Stock Exchange. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://www.nse.com.ng/products/debt-instruments/green-bonds (дата обращения: 01.04.2019).
25. About. NDC Support Programme. 2019. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.ndcs.undp.org/content/ndc-support-programme/en/home/about.html (дата обращения: 17.06.2021).
26. Nigeria. NDC Support Programme. 2019. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.ndcs.undp.org/content/ndc-support-programme/en/home/our-work/geographic/africa/nigeria.html (дата обращения: 17.06.2019).
27. Kenneth Amaeshi Why businesses in Nigeria need to take sustainable finance seriously. The Conversation Trust (UK). [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://theconversation.com/why-businesses-in-nigeria-need-to-take-sustainable-finance-seriously-77048 (дата обращения: 17.06.2021).
28. Green Bonds. Federal Ministry of Environment. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://environment.gov.ng/green-bonds/ (дата обращения: 19.06.2019).
29. Nigerian Green Bond is world’s 1st fully-certified’ – UN deputy chief. Premium Times. 2018. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/276743-nigerian-green-bond-is-worlds-1st-fully-certified-un-deputy-chief.html (дата обращения: 23.08.2021).
30. FG offers N10.69bn Green Bonds at 13.48% per annum. Punch. 2017. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://punchng.com/fg-offers-n10-69bn-green-bonds-at-13-48-per-annum/ (дата обращения: 31.05.2019).
31. Nigeria Issues Climate Bonds Certified Sovereign Green Bond: Signals ‘more to come’ as part of Paris NDC objectives. Climate Bonds Initiative. 2017. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.climatebonds.net/2017/12/nigeria-issues-climate-bonds-certified-sovereign-green-bond-signals-‘more-come’-part-paris (дата обращения: 26.06.2019).
32. In Nigeria, two projects from SEforALL investment prospectus reach financial close - ISA to provide US $75 million in credits. SEforALL Africa Hub. 2018. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.se4all-africa.org/news-resources/news/in-nigeria-two-projects-from-seforall-investment-prospectus-reach-financial-close-isa-to-provide-us-75-million-in-credits-180/ (дата обращения: 11.04.2019).
33. About us. FSD Africa 2021. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.fsdafrica.org/about-us/ (дата обращения: 31.08.2021).
34. The Securities And Exchange Commision (SEC) Nigeria Launches Green Bond Rules. Securities & Exchange Commission. 2018. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://sec.gov.ng/the-securities-and-exchange-commision-sec-nigeria-launches-green-bond-rules/ (дата обращения: 26.06.2019).
35. Access Bank Plc holds Signing Ceremony for N15 Billion Green Bond Issuance. Nairametrics. 2019. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://nairametrics.com/2019/03/19/access-bank-plc-holds-signing-ceremony-for-n15-billion-green-bond-issuance/ (дата обращения: 28.03.2019).
36. Green bonds. Department of Climate Change. 2020. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://climatechange.gov.ng/2020/09/21/brief-on-green-bonds/ (дата обращения: 31.08.2021).
37. NIGERIA: To launch 3rd Green Bond to fund several eco-friendly projects. Afrik 21. 2020. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.afrik21.africa/en/nigeria-to-launch-3rd-green-bond-to-fund-several-eco-friendly-projects/ (дата обращения: 31.08.2021).
38. Nigeria Renewable Energy Targets. Climatescope. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://global-climatescope.org/policies/4093 (дата обращения: 12.04.2019).
39. Nigeria’s path to sustainable development through: green economy. Federal Government of Nigeria. 2012. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/1023nigerianationalreport.pdf (дата обращения: 18.02.2019).
40. Project 0553: Recovery of associated gas that would otherwise be flared at Kwale oil-gas processing plant, Nigeria. Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/DB/DNV-CUK1155130395.3/view (дата обращения: 29.03.2019).
41. Project 5645: Afam Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Project. Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/DB/DNV-CUK1325573884.39/view (дата обращения: 29.03.2019).
42. Project 9391: OML58 IPP Gas Fired Generation Project. Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/DB/RINA1356734679.21/view (дата обращения: 29.03.2019).
43. Federal Ministry of Environment. Federal Government of Nigeria. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://www.nigeria.gov.ng/index.php/2016-04-06-08-40-29/executive/147-federal-ministry-of-environment (дата обращения: 11.04.2019).
44. About NIPC. Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://nipc.gov.ng/about-nipc/ (дата обращения: 31.08.2021).
45. Renewable Energy Hub for ECOWAS. Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission. 2016. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://nipc.gov.ng/2016/12/17/nigeria-become-solar-renewable-energy-hub-ecowas/ (дата обращения: 11.04.2019).
46. Welcome to Energy Commission of Nigeria. Energy Commission of Nigeria. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://www.energy.gov.ng/index.php?searchword=renewable+energy&searchphrase=all&Itemid=1&option=com_search&limitstart=20 (дата обращения: 11.04.2019).
47. About us. Rural Electrification Agency. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://rea.gov.ng/theagency/ (дата обращения: 11.04.2019).
48. Our Project Targets. Rural Electrification Agency. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://rea.gov.ng/themasterplan/ (дата обращения: 11.04.2019).
49. Who We Are. Nigeria Bulk Electricity Trading Plc. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://nbet.com.ng/about-us/who-we-are/ (дата обращения: 11.04.2019).
50. What We Do. Nigeria Bulk Electricity Trading Plc. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://nbet.com.ng/about-us/what-we-do/ (дата обращения: 11.04.2019).
51. Nigeria Renewable Energy Auctions. Climatescope. 2016. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://global-climatescope.org/policies/5112 (дата обращения: 11.04.2019).
52. Nigerian Renewal Energy and Energy Efficiency Policy (NREEEP). Climate scorecard. 2019. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.climatescorecard.org/2019/02/nigerian-renewal-energy-and-energy-efficiency-policy-nreeep/ (дата обращения: 23.08.2021).
53. Nigeria National Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Policy (NREEEP). Energy Platform of Nigeria. 2015. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://www.energyplatformnigeria.com/images/Library/NREEE_Policy_2015_FEC%20aproved_-_FGN.pdf (дата обращения: 12.04.2019).
54. Policies. Climatescope. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: climatescope.org/policies?country=NG (дата обращения: 11.04.2019).
Страница обновлена: 22.09.2026 в 21:51:18
Download PDF | Downloads: 85 | Citations: 6
Particularities of attracting green investment in Nigeria
Rakov I.D.Journal paper
Journal of International Economic Affairs
Volume 11, Number 3 (July-september 2021)
Abstract:
The study on attracting green investments in Nigeria is taken on increasing importance by the new global trend for sustainable development and the country's raw material export concept. The main stages of the green economy sector
are examined. In this sector, political decisions play a major role. The mechanism of state regulation and green investment support was also considered. The conclusion is made about the possibility of transition to green growth for commodity-exporting countries. In these countries, the state is the main driver of this transformation.
Keywords: sustainable development, green economy, Nigeria, green investment, public policy
JEL-classification: F21, F53, G18, O44, Q58
References:
Credit Enhancement for Green Projects. Promoting credit-enhanced financing from multilateral development banks for green infrastructure financing (2015).
A Report On The Progress Of Nigeria’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC), 2017. Retrieved June 17, 2021, from http://paccpolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/A-report-of-Nigeria-Progress-on-the-INDC.pdf
About NIPCNigerian Investment Promotion Commission. Retrieved August 31, 2021, from https://nipc.gov.ng/about-nipc/
About usFSD Africa 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2021, from https://www.fsdafrica.org/about-us/
About usRural Electrification Agency. Retrieved April 11, 2019, from https://rea.gov.ng/theagency/
AboutNDC Support Programme. 2019. Retrieved June 17, 2021, from https://www.ndcs.undp.org/content/ndc-support-programme/en/home/about.html
Access Bank Plc holds Signing Ceremony for N15 Billion Green Bond IssuanceNairametrics. 2019. Retrieved March 28, 2019, from https://nairametrics.com/2019/03/19/access-bank-plc-holds-signing-ceremony-for-n15-billion-green-bond-issuance/
Bokarev A.A., Yakovlev I.A., Kabir L.S. (2017). «Zelenye» investitsii v Rossii: poisk prioritetnyh napravleniy [Green investments in Russia: searching for priority directions]. Nauchno-issledovatelskiy finansovyy institut. Finansovyy zhurnal. (6(40)). 40-49. (in Russian).
Dovbiy I.P., Degterenko A.N., Kobylyakova V.V. (2020). Novaya industrializatsiya v Rossii kak faktor perekhoda k zelenoy ekonomike [New industrialization in Russia as a factor in the transition to a green economy]. Nauchno-issledovatelskiy finansovyy institut. Finansovyy zhurnal. (4). 85-100. (in Russian). doi: 10.31107/2075-1990-2020-4-85-100.
Etim N. A. A., Benson D. N. (2015). Financial Sector Reforms and Agricultural Development in Nigeria: A Review Investment Management and Financial Innovations. (1(1)). 16-26.
FG offers N10.69bn Green Bonds at 13.48% per annumPunch. 2017. Retrieved May 31, 2019, from https://punchng.com/fg-offers-n10-69bn-green-bonds-at-13-48-per-annum/
Federal Ministry of EnvironmentFederal Government of Nigeria. Retrieved April 11, 2019, from http://www.nigeria.gov.ng/index.php/2016-04-06-08-40-29/executive/147-federal-ministry-of-environment
Green BONDsThe Nigerian Stock Exchange. Retrieved April 01, 2019, from http://www.nse.com.ng/products/debt-instruments/green-bonds
Green BondsFederal Ministry of Environment. Retrieved June 19, 2019, from http://environment.gov.ng/green-bonds/
Green bondsDepartment of Climate Change. 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2021, from https://climatechange.gov.ng/2020/09/21/brief-on-green-bonds/
Gureva M.A., Simarova I.S. (2017). Otsenka razvitiya zelenoy ekonomiki v regionalnom ekonomicheskom prostranstve (na primere subektov URFO) [Evaluation of green economy development in the regional economic space (Urals federal district subjects)]. Global scientific potential. (9 (78)). 48-64. (in Russian).
Gusev A. (2020). Evolyutsiya ekonomiko-pravovyh otnosheniy v zelenom razvitii [Evolution of economic and legal relations in the green development]. Economics and the Mathematical Methods. (1). 44-53. (in Russian). doi: 10.31857/S042473880008480-7.
In Nigeria, two projects from SEforALL investment prospectus reach financial close - ISA to provide US $75 million in creditsSEforALL Africa Hub. 2018. Retrieved April 11, 2019, from https://www.se4all-africa.org/news-resources/news/in-nigeria-two-projects-from-seforall-investment-prospectus-reach-financial-close-isa-to-provide-us-75-million-in-credits-180/
Kabir L. S., Nikulina S. I. (2020). Klimaticheskoe finansirovanie [Climate finance]. Zhurnal Byudzhet. (10 (214)). 50-54. (in Russian).
Kenneth Amaeshi Why businesses in Nigeria need to take sustainable finance seriouslyThe Conversation Trust (UK). Retrieved June 17, 2021, from http://theconversation.com/why-businesses-in-nigeria-need-to-take-sustainable-finance-seriously-77048
Lewis P., Stein H. (1997). Shifting fortunes: The political economy of financial liberalization in Nigeria World Development. (25(1)). 5-22. doi: 10.1016/S0305-750X(96)00085-X.
NIGERIA: To launch 3rd Green Bond to fund several eco-friendly projectsAfrik 21. 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2021, from https://www.afrik21.africa/en/nigeria-to-launch-3rd-green-bond-to-fund-several-eco-friendly-projects/
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Retrieved August 31, 2021, from https://unfccc.int/focus/indc_portal/items/8766.php
Nigeria Issues Climate Bonds Certified Sovereign Green Bond: Signals ‘more to come’ as part of Paris NDC objectivesClimate Bonds Initiative. 2017. Retrieved June 26, 2019, from https://www.climatebonds.net/2017/12/nigeria-issues-climate-bonds-certified-sovereign-green-bond-signals-‘more-come’-part-paris
Nigeria National Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Policy (NREEEP)Energy Platform of Nigeria. 2015. Retrieved April 12, 2019, from http://www.energyplatformnigeria.com/images/Library/NREEE_Policy_2015_FEC%20aproved_-_FGN.pdf
Nigeria Renewable Energy AuctionsClimatescope. 2016. Retrieved April 11, 2019, from http://global-climatescope.org/policies/5112
Nigeria Renewable Energy TargetsClimatescope. Retrieved April 12, 2019, from http://global-climatescope.org/policies/4093
Nigeria: financing innovative energy solutionsUSAID's Development Credit Authority. Retrieved June 18, 2019, from https://usaid-credit.exposure.co/nigeria-financing-innovative-energy-solutions
NigeriaNDC Support Programme. 2019. Retrieved June 17, 2019, from https://www.ndcs.undp.org/content/ndc-support-programme/en/home/our-work/geographic/africa/nigeria.html
Nigerian Green Bond is world’s 1st fully-certified’ – UN deputy chiefPremium Times. 2018. Retrieved August 23, 2021, from https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/276743-nigerian-green-bond-is-worlds-1st-fully-certified-un-deputy-chief.html
Nigerian Renewal Energy and Energy Efficiency Policy (NREEEP)Climate scorecard. 2019. Retrieved August 23, 2021, from https://www.climatescorecard.org/2019/02/nigerian-renewal-energy-and-energy-efficiency-policy-nreeep/
Nigeria’s path to sustainable development through: green economyFederal Government of Nigeria. 2012. Retrieved February 18, 2019, from https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/1023nigerianationalreport.pdf
Our Project TargetsRural Electrification Agency. Retrieved April 11, 2019, from http://rea.gov.ng/themasterplan/
Oyedepo S. O. (2013). Energy in perspective of sustainable development in Nigeria Sustainable Energy. (2). 14-25.
PoliciesClimatescope. Retrieved April 11, 2019, from climatescope.org/policies?country=NG
Porfirev B.N. (2019). Paradigma nizkouglerodnogo razvitiya i strategiya snizheniya riskov klimaticheskikh izmeneniy dlya ekonomiki [The low-carbon development paradigm and climate change risk reduction strategy for the economy]. Problems of forecasting. (2(173)). 3-13. (in Russian).
Project 0553: Recovery of associated gas that would otherwise be flared at Kwale oil-gas processing plant, NigeriaClean Development Mechanism (CDM). Retrieved March 29, 2019, from https://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/DB/DNV-CUK1155130395.3/view
Project 5645: Afam Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power ProjectClean Development Mechanism (CDM). Retrieved March 29, 2019, from https://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/DB/DNV-CUK1325573884.39/view
Project 9391: OML58 IPP Gas Fired Generation ProjectClean Development Mechanism (CDM). Retrieved March 29, 2019, from https://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/DB/RINA1356734679.21/view
Rakov I.D. (2017). Mekhanizmy podderzhki finansirovaniya zelenyh proektov: opyt stran [Mechanisms of support of green projects financing: experience of countries]. Current problems of economics and law. (2). 67-82. (in Russian). doi: 10.21202/1993-047X.11.2017.2.67-82.
Rakov I.D. (2018). Na puti k zelenoy ekonomike: opyt Italii i Frantsii [One the way a green economy: Italy and France]. International Journal of Applied and Fundamental Research. (11-2). 389-397. (in Russian).
Renewable Energy Hub for ECOWASNigerian Investment Promotion Commission. 2016. Retrieved April 11, 2019, from https://nipc.gov.ng/2016/12/17/nigeria-become-solar-renewable-energy-hub-ecowas/
Selischeva T.A. (2018). Zelenaya ekonomika kak model ustoychivogo razvitiya stran EAES [Green economy as a model of sustainable development in EEU countries]. Problems of modern economics. (3(67)). 6-12. (in Russian).
Sustainable Banking Network: Country Progress Report: NigeriaInternational Finance Corporation. 2018. Retrieved April 02, 2019, from https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/4e58cb05-31b4-4cbd-984d-9cce230ffb31/SBN+Country+Progress+Report+-+Nigeria.pdf?MOD=AJPERES
Terentev N.E. (2020). O perspektivakh razvitiya zelenyh energeticheskikh tekhnologiy v usloviyakh nestatsionarnoy ekonomiki i globalnyh sdvigov [On green energy technologies’ prospects in unstable economic conditions and global changes]. Scientific works of the Free Economic Society of Russia. (3). 213-218. (in Russian). doi: 10.38197/2072-2060-2020-223-3-213-218.
The Nigerian sustainable banking principles: A five Year ReviewIssuu Inc. 2018. Retrieved June 17, 2019, from https://issuu.com/thistlepraxis/docs/the_nigerian_sustainable_banking_pr
The Securities And Exchange Commision (SEC) Nigeria Launches Green Bond RulesSecurities & Exchange Commission. 2018. Retrieved June 26, 2019, from https://sec.gov.ng/the-securities-and-exchange-commision-sec-nigeria-launches-green-bond-rules/
Wale-Smatt Oyerinde. Nigeria's Green Bonds. Retrieved August 31, 2021, from https://www.ioe-emp.org/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=134989&token=9feffb387c54b656511eda4be38d6a5548872565
Welcome to Energy Commission of NigeriaEnergy Commission of Nigeria. Retrieved April 11, 2019, from http://www.energy.gov.ng/index.php?searchword=renewable+energy&searchphrase=all&Itemid=1&option=com_search&limitstart=20
What We DoNigeria Bulk Electricity Trading Plc. Retrieved April 11, 2019, from http://nbet.com.ng/about-us/what-we-do/
What is an INDC?World Resources Institute. Retrieved June 28, 2019, from https://www.wri.org/indc-definition&xid=25657,15700023,15700186,15700191,15700256,15700259&usg=ALkJrhjnffjI0V6jy4RfVJZX_RsooDTx-g
Who We AreNigeria Bulk Electricity Trading Plc. Retrieved April 11, 2019, from http://nbet.com.ng/about-us/who-we-are/
Yakovlev I. A., Kabir L. S., Nikulina S. I., Rakov I. D. (2020). Transformatsiya natsionalnoy politiki syrevyh stran pod vliyaniem globalnoy povestki ustoychivogo razvitiya [The impact of the sustainable development agenda on the transformation of national policies of commodity producing countries]. Economy of the region. (3). 859-870. (in Russian). doi: 10.17059/ekon.reg.2020-3-14.
Yakovlev I.A., Kabir L.S., Nikulina S.I., Rakov I.D. (2017). Finansirovanie «zelenogo» ekonomicheskogo rosta: kontseptsii, problemy, podkhody [Financing green economic growth: conceptions, problems, approaches]. Nauchno-issledovatelskiy finansovyy institut. Finansovyy zhurnal. (3(37)). 9-21. (in Russian).