Неравенство доходов и экономическая сложность в зарубежных странах: есть ли взаимосвязь?
Поспелова Е.А.1, Казакова М.В.2,1
1 Институт экономической политики имени Е.Т. Гайдара (Институт Гайдара)
2 Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации (РАНХиГС)
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Экономические отношения (РИНЦ, ВАК)
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Том 8, Номер 2 (Апрель-Июнь 2018)
Эта статья проиндексирована РИНЦ, см. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=35255503
Цитирований: 6 по состоянию на 07.12.2023
Аннотация:
Основным предметом исследований в 1990-е гг. был анализ неравенства как фундаментального фактора экономического роста и поиск новых моделей роста, учитывающих неравенство в различных аспектах. На межстрановом уровне в литературе обнаруживается положительная связь между экономической сложностью стран и равенством доходов: более богатые экономики также характеризуются меньшим уровнем неравенства доходов. В настоящей статье анализируется международный опыт оценки взаимосвязи между неравенством в распределении доходов и сложностью экономик различных стран. Авторы приходят к заключению, что при сопоставлении данных об экономической сложности и секторальных данных по неравенству в заработной плате на межстрановом уровне исследователи обнаруживают, что промышленно развитые страны с высоким ВВП на душу населения имеют низкие показатели неравенства в заработной плате по секторам. Как предполагается, проведенный в настоящей статье обзор будет иметь не только фундаментальную, но и значительную прикладную ценность, в том числе, при оценивании такой взаимосвязи для России.
Ключевые слова: экспорт, экономический рост, производство, неравенство доходов, экономическая сложность
JEL-классификация: F13, O40, O47
Источники:
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Piketty T. Capital in the Twenty-First Century. (A. Goldhammer, Trans.). - Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2014.
Autor D. H. (2014). Skills, education, and the rise of earnings inequality among the “other 99 percent.” Science, 344(6186), 843–851. http://doi.org/10.1126/science.1251868
Acemoglu, D., Aghion, P., & Violante, G. L. (2001). Deunionization, Technical Change and Inequality (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. ID 267264). Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network. Retrieved from http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=267264
Hidalgo C. Why Information Grows: The Evolution of Order, from Atoms to Economies. - New York: Penguin Press, 2015.
Vishny Source: The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 106, No. 2 (May, 1991), pp. 503-530 Published by: Oxford University Press Kevin M. Murphy, Andrei Shleifer and Robert W. Vishny Source: The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 106, No. 2 (May, 1991), pp. 503-530 Published by: Oxford University Press
38. Benabou R. Inequality and Growth // NBER Macroeconomics Annual. – 1996. – № 11.
39. Ahluwalia M.S. Income distribution and development: Some stylized facts // The American Economic Review. – 1976. – № 66(2). – С. 128–135.
40. Summers R., Kravis I.B., Heston A. Changes in the world income distribution // Journal of Policy Modeling. – 1984. – № 6(2). – С. 237–269.
41. Galbraith J.K. Global inequality and global macroeconomics // Journal of Policy modeling. – 2007. – № 29(4). – С. 587–607.
42. Forbes K.J. A reassessment of the relationship between inequality and growth // American economic review. – 2000. – С. 869–887.
Piketty T., Saez E. Inequality in the long run. Science. 2014; 344(6186):838–843. pmid:24855258
44. Bluestone B., Harrison B. The growth of low-wage employment: 1963–86 // The American Economic Review. – 1988. – № 78(2). – С. 124–128.
Deininger K., Squire L. A new data set measuring income inequality. The World Bank Economic Review. 1996; 10(3): 565–591
46. Robinson S. A note on the U hypothesis relating income inequality and economic development // The American economic review. – 1976. – № 66(3). – С. 437–440.
Greenwood J., Jovanovic B. Financial development, growth, and the distribution of income. National Bureau of Economic Research; 1989
48. Anand S., Kanbur S.R. The Kuznets process and the inequality — development relationship // Journal of development economics. – 1993. – № 40(1). – С. 25–52.
Goldin C.D., Katz L.F. The race between education and technology. - Harvard University Press, 2009.
Katz L.F., Murphy K.M. Changes in relative wages, 1963–1987: Supply and demand factors. National Bureau of Economic Research; 1991
51. Juhn C., Murphy K.M., Pierce B. Wage inequality and the rise in returns to skill // Journal of political Economy. – 1993. – С. 410–442.
52. Levy F., Murnane R.J. US earnings levels and earnings inequality: A review of recent trends and proposed explanations // Journal of economic literature. – 1992. – № 30 (3). – С. 1333–1381.
David H., Katz L.F., Krueger A.B. Computing inequality: have computers changed the labor market? National Bureau of Economic Research; 1997
Bluestone B., Harrison B. The deindustrialization of America: Plant closing, community abandonment, and the dismantling of basic industry. - New York: Basic Book , 1982.
Acemoglu D. Technical change, inequality, and the labor market. National Bureau of Economic Research; 2000
Acemoglu D., Naidu S., Restrepo P., Robinson J.A. Democracy, redistribution and inequality. National Bureau of Economic Research; 2013
57. Galor O., Tsiddon D. The distribution of human capital and economic growth // Journal of Economic Growth. – 1997. – № 2(1). – С. 93–124.
Feenstra R.C., Inklaar R., Timmer M.P. The Next Generation of the Penn World Table. American Economic Review, available for download at www.ggdcnet/pwt. 2015;105(10):3150–3182
Sbardella A., Pugliese E., Pietronero L. (2017) Economic development and wage inequality: A complex system analysis. PLoS ONE 12(9): e0182774. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182774
60. Любимов И., Гвоздева М., Казакова М., Нестерова К. Сложность экономики и возможность диверсификации экспорта в российских регионах // Журнал Новой экономической ассоциации. – 2017. – № 2 (34). – С. 94–122.
2. Singer, Hans W. The Distribution of Gains between Investing and Borrowing Countries // The American Economic Review 40 (2): 473–85. – 1950. – № 40 (2). – С. 473–85.
3. Kuznets S. Economic growth and income inequality // The American Economic Review. – 1955. – № 45(1). – С. 1–28.
4. Deininger, K. and L. Squire New Ways of Looking at Old Issues: Asset Inequality and Growth // Journal of Development Economics. – 1998. – № 57. – С. 259-287.
5. Palma J. G. Homogeneous middles vs. heterogeneous tails, and the end of the “Inverted-U”: It’s all about the share of the rich // Development and Change. – 2011. – № 42(1). – С. 87– 153. – doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7660.2011.01694.x.
6. Stiglitz, Joseph E. Some Lessons from the East Asian Miracle // The World Bank Research Observer. – 1996. – С. 151–77. – doi: 10.1093/wbro/11.2.151.
Kuznets, S. (1934). National Income, 1929-1932. In National Income, 1929-1932 (pp. 1–12). NBER
Leontief, W. W. (1951). Input-output economics. Scientific American, 185(4), 15–21
Bourguignon, F. (2004). The Poverty-growth-inequality triangle (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, New Delhi Working Paper No. 125). Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, New Delhi, India. Retrieved from https://ideas.repec.org/p/ind/icrier/125.html
Sachs J. The End of Poverty: How We Can Make it Happen in Our Lifetime. - New York: Penguin Books Limited, 2005.
Beinhocker E.D. The Origin of Wealth: Evolution, Complexity, and the Radical Remaking of Economics. - Harvard Business Press, 2006.
Collier P. The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries are Failing and What Can Be Done About It. - New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2007.
Innis, Mary Quayle. (1935) An Economic History of Canada. Toronto: Ryerson Press. OCLC 70306951. California: Stanford Univ. Press
Engerman, Stanley L., and Kenneth L. Sokoloff. 1997. “Factor Endowments, Institutions, and Differential Paths of Growth among New World Economies.” In How Latin America Fell Behind: Essays on the Economic Histories of Brazil and Mexico, 1800-1914, edited by Stephen H. Haber, 260–304. California: Stanford Univ. Press
Acemoglu D., & Robinson J. Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty. - New York: Crown, 2012.
Hartmann D. Economic Complexity and Human Development: How Economic Diversification and Social Networks Affect Human Agency and Welfare. - New York: Routledge, 2014.
Hirschman A. O. National power and the structure of foreign trade. - Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1945.
18. Tornell A. and A. Velasco The Tragedu of the Commons and Economic Growth: Ehy Does Capital Flow from Poor to Rich Countries? // Journal of Political Economy. – 1992. – № 100. – С. 1208-1231.
19. Imbs J., & Wacziarg R. Stages of diversification // The American Economic Review. – 2003. – № 93(1). – С. 63–86.
20. Saviotti P. P., & Frenken K. Export variety and the economic performance of countries // Journal of Evolutionary Economics. – 2008. – № 18(2). – С. 201–218. – doi: 10.1007/s00191-007-0081-5.
21. Boschma R., & Iammarino S. Related variety, trade linkages, and regional growth in Italy // Economic Geography. – 2009. – № 85(3). – С. 289–311. – doi: 10.1111/j.1944-8287.2009.01034.x.
22. Rodrik D. What’s so special about China’s exports? // China & World Economy. – 2006. – № 14(5). – С. 1–19. – doi: 10.1111/j.1749-124X.2006.00038.x.
23. Hausmann R., Hwang J., & Rodrik D. What you export matters // Journal of Economic Growth. – 2006. – № 12(1). – С. 1–25. – doi: 10.1007/s10887-006-9009-4.
Hidalgo C. A., B. Klinger, A.-L. Barabási, and R. Hausmann. 2007. The Product Space Conditions the Development of Nations. Science 317 (5837): 482–87. doi:10.1126/science.1144581
Hidalgo, César A., and Ricardo Hausmann. 2009. The Building Blocks of Economic Complexity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106 (26): 10570–75. doi:10.1073/pnas.0900943106
Hausmann R., Hidalgo C. A., Bustos S., Coscia M., Chung S., Jimenez J., Simoes A., Yildirim M. A. The Atlas of Economic Complexity: Mapping Paths to Prosperity. - Center for International Development, Harvard University and MIT, Cambridge, 2011.
Hartmann, D., M. R. Guevara, C. Jara-Figueroa, M. Aristarán, and C. A. Hidalgo. 2015. “Linking Economic Complexity, Institutions and Income Inequality.” arXiv:1505.07907 [physics, Q-Fin], May. http://arxiv.org/abs/1505.07907
28. Hartmann, D., M. R. Guevara, C. Jara-Figueroa, M. Aristarán, and C. A. Hidalgo // Integration & Trade Journal. – 2016. – № 40, June. – С. 70-85. – url: 7667.
Bustos, S., Gomez, C., Hausmann, R., & Hidalgo, C. A. (2012). The Dynamics of nestedness predicts the evolution of industrial ecosystems. PLoS One, 7(11), e49393. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049393
Cristelli, M., Gabrielli, A., Tacchella, A., Caldarelli, G., & Pietronero, L. (2013). Measuring the Intangibles: A Metrics for the Economic Complexity of Countries and Products. PLOS ONE, 8(8), e70726. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070726
Milanovic, B. (2012). Global Income Inequality by the Numbers: In History and Now - An Overview. The World Bank. Retrieved from http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/1813-9450-6259
32. Gustafsson B., & Johansson M. In Search of Smoking Guns: What Makes Income Inequality Vary over Time in Different Countries? // American Sociological Review. – 1999. – № 64(4). – С. 585–605. – doi: 10.2307/2657258.
Piketty T. Capital in the Twenty-First Century. (A. Goldhammer, Trans.). - Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2014.
Autor D. H. (2014). Skills, education, and the rise of earnings inequality among the “other 99 percent.” Science, 344(6186), 843–851. http://doi.org/10.1126/science.1251868
Acemoglu, D., Aghion, P., & Violante, G. L. (2001). Deunionization, Technical Change and Inequality (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. ID 267264). Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network. Retrieved from http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=267264
Hidalgo C. Why Information Grows: The Evolution of Order, from Atoms to Economies. - New York: Penguin Press, 2015.
Vishny Source: The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 106, No. 2 (May, 1991), pp. 503-530 Published by: Oxford University Press Kevin M. Murphy, Andrei Shleifer and Robert W. Vishny Source: The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 106, No. 2 (May, 1991), pp. 503-530 Published by: Oxford University Press
38. Benabou R. Inequality and Growth // NBER Macroeconomics Annual. – 1996. – № 11.
39. Ahluwalia M.S. Income distribution and development: Some stylized facts // The American Economic Review. – 1976. – № 66(2). – С. 128–135.
40. Summers R., Kravis I.B., Heston A. Changes in the world income distribution // Journal of Policy Modeling. – 1984. – № 6(2). – С. 237–269.
41. Galbraith J.K. Global inequality and global macroeconomics // Journal of Policy modeling. – 2007. – № 29(4). – С. 587–607.
42. Forbes K.J. A reassessment of the relationship between inequality and growth // American economic review. – 2000. – С. 869–887.
Piketty T., Saez E. Inequality in the long run. Science. 2014; 344(6186):838–843. pmid:24855258
44. Bluestone B., Harrison B. The growth of low-wage employment: 1963–86 // The American Economic Review. – 1988. – № 78(2). – С. 124–128.
Deininger K., Squire L. A new data set measuring income inequality. The World Bank Economic Review. 1996; 10(3): 565–591
46. Robinson S. A note on the U hypothesis relating income inequality and economic development // The American economic review. – 1976. – № 66(3). – С. 437–440.
Greenwood J., Jovanovic B. Financial development, growth, and the distribution of income. National Bureau of Economic Research; 1989
48. Anand S., Kanbur S.R. The Kuznets process and the inequality — development relationship // Journal of development economics. – 1993. – № 40(1). – С. 25–52.
Goldin C.D., Katz L.F. The race between education and technology. - Harvard University Press, 2009.
Katz L.F., Murphy K.M. Changes in relative wages, 1963–1987: Supply and demand factors. National Bureau of Economic Research; 1991
51. Juhn C., Murphy K.M., Pierce B. Wage inequality and the rise in returns to skill // Journal of political Economy. – 1993. – С. 410–442.
52. Levy F., Murnane R.J. US earnings levels and earnings inequality: A review of recent trends and proposed explanations // Journal of economic literature. – 1992. – № 30 (3). – С. 1333–1381.
David H., Katz L.F., Krueger A.B. Computing inequality: have computers changed the labor market? National Bureau of Economic Research; 1997
Bluestone B., Harrison B. The deindustrialization of America: Plant closing, community abandonment, and the dismantling of basic industry. - New York: Basic Book , 1982.
Acemoglu D. Technical change, inequality, and the labor market. National Bureau of Economic Research; 2000
Acemoglu D., Naidu S., Restrepo P., Robinson J.A. Democracy, redistribution and inequality. National Bureau of Economic Research; 2013
57. Galor O., Tsiddon D. The distribution of human capital and economic growth // Journal of Economic Growth. – 1997. – № 2(1). – С. 93–124.
Feenstra R.C., Inklaar R., Timmer M.P. The Next Generation of the Penn World Table. American Economic Review, available for download at www.ggdcnet/pwt. 2015;105(10):3150–3182
Sbardella A., Pugliese E., Pietronero L. (2017) Economic development and wage inequality: A complex system analysis. PLoS ONE 12(9): e0182774. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182774
60. Любимов И., Гвоздева М., Казакова М., Нестерова К. Сложность экономики и возможность диверсификации экспорта в российских регионах // Журнал Новой экономической ассоциации. – 2017. – № 2 (34). – С. 94–122.
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