Research on management features of a technological start-up
Elina N.S.1, Kovaleva M.V.1, Silakova L.V.1, Shirokova V.V.1
1 Санкт-Петербургский национальный исследовательский университет информационных технологий, механики и оптики
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Journal paper
Russian Journal of Entrepreneurship *
Volume 19, Number 1 (January 2018)
* Этот журнал не выпускается в Первом экономическом издательстве
Abstract:
Innovative product or technology emerged from engineering or technical research activities are at the heart of technological startup. The research is aimed at identifying, substantiating and classifying the specific characteristics of technological start-ups for management purposes.
The paper identifies the main functional areas of start-up activities, such as administration, marketing, financing, research and development. Based on the analysis of these areas with respect to technological start-ups, we have identified characteristics and suggested a number of measures that allow to effectively consider these characteristics when creating and developing a technological start-up. We also identified the features of the management approach to technological start-ups.
The novelty of the work is to identify and group the characteristics of a technological startup in functional areas. Besides, we formed the author's generalized definition of the "start-up" term. The results are universal and can be used in creation and development of technological start-ups, and for managing innovative technological projects.
Keywords: project management, innovative technologies, technological start-up
JEL-classification: M13, D23, O32, D25, H81
Highlights:
- На сегодняшний день не существует комплексной методики управления технологическим стартапом. Для создания такой методики необходимо выделить и систематизировать особенности технологических стартапов.
- Особенностью инновационной деятельности является высокий уровень неопределенности в отношении необходимых затрат на разработку и сроков доведения разработки до рынка.
- Сравнительный анализ абсолютных расходов на НИОКР в разных странах показывает существенное отставание показателей России от развитых стран. Примечательно, что в развитых странах участие частного сектора в финансировании НИОКР гораздо выше, чем участие государства.
- Для снижения рисков при финансировании НИОКР разумно использовать механизм государственной поддержки по созданию технологических производств и внедрению их на рынок.
- Основным способом привлечения финансов является государственная поддержка, реализуемая через различные фонды. При этом выявление спроса на инновационный продукт в самом начале развития проекта является необходимым условием.
- Специфика технологических стартапов связана со сложностью продукта и необходимостью представления прототипа технологии для привлечения инвесторов и потенциальных клиентов.
- Важными особенностями технологического стартапа являются: вариативная адаптация основной технологии и наличие специфических активов. Первая отражает возможность внедрения технологии в различные отрасли промышленности, вторая – уникальность используемых активов в рамках конкретного вида бизнеса.
- В технологическом предпринимательстве значимые роли отводятся бизнес-партнерам, в силу сложности продвижения технологии, а также совместным решениям относительно производства и реализации продукта.
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Dodgson M. (2008). The management of technological innovation
Druker P.F., Makyarello Dzh.A. (2011). Menedzhment [Management ] (in Russian).
Elina N.S. (2016). Vliyanie lidera na effektivnost kollektiva [The leader's influence on team effectiveness ]. Sbornik trudov V Vserossiyskogo kongressa molodyh uchenyh (Sankt-Peterburg, 12-15 aprelya 2016 g.). 1 151-155. (in Russian).
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Ivanova N.G. (2013). Innovatsionnyy biznes v Rossii: problemy i perspektivy [Innovative business in Russia: problems and prospects]. Problems of modern economics. (4(48)). 188-192. (in Russian).
Kotler F. (2000). Marketing menedzhment [Marketing management] (in Russian).
Kovalev V.V. (2013). Finansovyy menedzhment: teoriya i praktika [Financial Management: Theory and Practice] (in Russian).
Kuftyrev I.G. (2013). Mezhdunarodnyy innovatsionnyy koridor kak infrastrukturnyy faktor razvitiya tekhnologicheskogo predprinimatelstva [International innovative corridor as an infrastructure factor for the development of technology entrepreneurship]. Vestnik of Lobachevsky University of Nizhni Novgorod. (3-3). 147-152. (in Russian).
Molchanov N.N. (2011). Marketing tekhnologichnyh produktov i uslug [Marketing of technology products and services] (in Russian).
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Petsoldt K., Valdaytsev S.V., Molchanov N.N. (2013). Maloe innovatsionnoe predprinimatelstvo [Small Innovative Entrepreneurship] (in Russian).
Rassel D. Archibald (2010). Upravlenie vysokotekhnologichnymi programmami i proektami [Managing High-Technology Programs and Projects] (in Russian).
Ris E. (2013). Biznes s nulya: metod Lean Startap dlya bystrogo testirovaniya idey i vybora biznes-modeli [Business from scratch: Lean Startap method for quickly testing ideas and choosing a business model] (in Russian).
Spasennyh M.Yu. (2010). Innovatsionnyy biznes: korporativnoe upravlenie NIOKR [Innovative Business: Corporate R&D Management] (in Russian).
Stevens, G., Burley, J. (1997). 3,00 Raw Ideas = 1 Commercial Success Research Technology Management. (40(3)). 16-27.
Tsapenko I.P. (2014). Chelovecheskie resursy v sfere nauki i tekhnologiy: sostoyanie i effektivnost ispolzovaniya [Human Resources in Science and Technologies: Status and Efficiency]. World Economy and International Relations. (4). 3-15. (in Russian).
Valdaytsev S.V. (2003). Upravlenie innovatsionnym biznesom [Managing innovative business] (in Russian).
Valdaytsev S.V. (2014). Upravlenie innovatsiyami i intellektualnoy sobstvennostyu firmy [Managing innovations and intellectual property of the company] (in Russian).
Аналитический отчет по итогам обзора рынка российских венчурных фондов за 2016 год: статистический сборникРоссийская ассоциация венчурного инвестирования. РАВИ, 2016. (in Russian). Retrieved December 15, 2017, from http://www.rvca.ru/rus/resource/library/rvca-yearbook/
Аналитический отчет по итогам обзора рынка российских венчурных фондов за 9 месяцев 2015 года: статистический сборникРоссийская ассоциация венчурного инвестирования. РАВИ, 2015. (in Russian). Retrieved December 15, 2017, from http://www.rvca.ru/rus/resource/library/rvca-yearbook/
Лукинова Е.И. Выпуск инновационной продукции организациями промышленного производстваИнформационная бюллетень НИУ ВШМ серии «Наука, технологии, инновации». – 2017. – №37. (in Russian). Retrieved December 15, 2017, from https://issek.hse.ru/data/2017/01/25/1113618301/NTI_N_37_25012017.pdf
Пять уроков самых успешных краудфандинговых кампанийКоммуникативная платформа для малого бизнеса. (in Russian). Retrieved December 15, 2017, from https://spark.ru/startup/trilan/blog/6646/5-urokov-samih-uspeshnih-kraudfandingovih-kampanij
(2007). Upravlenie tekhnologichnym biznesom: Klassika Harvard Business Review [Managing technological business: Harvard Business Review] (in Russian).
(2010). Innovatsionnyy biznes: Formirovanie modeley kommertsializatsii perspektivnyh razrabotok [Innovative business: creating models for the commercialization of promising developments] (in Russian).
(2016). Indikatory innovatsionnoy deyatelnosti 2016: statisticheskiy sbornik [Indicators of innovation activity 2016: statistical compilation] (in Russian).
Barykin A.N. (2010). Belye pyatna teorii i praktiki tekhnologicheskogo predprinimatelstva [White spots in theory and practice of technological entrepreneurship]. Menedzhment innovatsiy. (3). 204-215. (in Russian).
Baryutin L.S. (2004). Osnovy innovatsionnogo menedzhmenta. Teoriya i praktika [Fundamentals of innovation management. Theory and practice] Moscow: Ekonomika. (in Russian).
Blank S. (2013). Startap: Nastolnaya kniga osnovatelya [A Startup Founder's Handbook] (in Russian).
Cherednikov O. (2013). Ekhnologichnye startapy v mire i Rossii [Technological start-ups in the world and in Russia]. World Economy and International Relations. (10). 68-75. (in Russian).
Dodgson M. (2008). The management of technological innovation
Druker P.F., Makyarello Dzh.A. (2011). Menedzhment [Management ] (in Russian).
Elina N.S. (2016). Vliyanie lidera na effektivnost kollektiva [The leader's influence on team effectiveness ]. Sbornik trudov V Vserossiyskogo kongressa molodyh uchenyh (Sankt-Peterburg, 12-15 aprelya 2016 g.). 1 151-155. (in Russian).
Elina N.S. (2017). Issledovanie strategiy kommertsializatsii innovatsiy [Research on strategies for commercialization of innovation]. Materialy VII Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii. 2 54-57. (in Russian).
Elina N.S. (2017). Rol tekhnobrokerstva v prodvizhenii innovatsiy [The role of techno-brokering in promoting innovation]. Almanakh nauchnyh rabot molodyh uchenyh. 54 – 57. (in Russian).
Fact Sheet № 42, March 2017Global Investments in R&D/UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Retrieved December 12, 2017, from http://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/fs42-global-investments-in-rd-2017-en.pdf
Goldshteyn G.Ya. (2004). Strategicheskiy innovatsionnyy menedzhment [Strategic Innovation Management] (in Russian).
Gracheva M.V., Lyapina S.Yu. (2006). Analiz i upravlenie riskami innovatsionnoy deyatelnosti [Analysis and risk management of innovation]. Innovations. (1). 38-46. (in Russian).
Graham, P. Startup=GrowthPaulgraham.com. Retrieved December 10, 2017, from http://www.paulgraham.com/growth.html
Inshakov M.O. (2014). Innovatsionnye startapy v Rossii: Problemy sozdaniya i marketingovogo prodvizheniya [Innovative start-ups in Russia: Problems of creation and marketing promotion]. Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya 3, Ekonomika. Ekologiya. (1(24)). 66-75. (in Russian).
Ivanova N.G. (2013). Innovatsionnyy biznes v Rossii: problemy i perspektivy [Innovative business in Russia: problems and prospects]. Problems of modern economics. (4(48)). 188-192. (in Russian).
Kotler F. (2000). Marketing menedzhment [Marketing management] (in Russian).
Kovalev V.V. (2013). Finansovyy menedzhment: teoriya i praktika [Financial Management: Theory and Practice] (in Russian).
Kuftyrev I.G. (2013). Mezhdunarodnyy innovatsionnyy koridor kak infrastrukturnyy faktor razvitiya tekhnologicheskogo predprinimatelstva [International innovative corridor as an infrastructure factor for the development of technology entrepreneurship]. Vestnik of Lobachevsky University of Nizhni Novgorod. (3-3). 147-152. (in Russian).
Molchanov N.N. (2011). Marketing tekhnologichnyh produktov i uslug [Marketing of technology products and services] (in Russian).
Nichols S.P., Armstrong N.E. (2003). Engineering Entrepreneurship: does entrepreneurship have a role in engineering education? Antennas and Propagation Magazine. (45(1)). 134-138.
Petsoldt K., Valdaytsev S.V., Molchanov N.N. (2013). Maloe innovatsionnoe predprinimatelstvo [Small Innovative Entrepreneurship] (in Russian).
Rassel D. Archibald (2010). Upravlenie vysokotekhnologichnymi programmami i proektami [Managing High-Technology Programs and Projects] (in Russian).
Ris E. (2013). Biznes s nulya: metod Lean Startap dlya bystrogo testirovaniya idey i vybora biznes-modeli [Business from scratch: Lean Startap method for quickly testing ideas and choosing a business model] (in Russian).
Spasennyh M.Yu. (2010). Innovatsionnyy biznes: korporativnoe upravlenie NIOKR [Innovative Business: Corporate R&D Management] (in Russian).
Stevens, G., Burley, J. (1997). 3,00 Raw Ideas = 1 Commercial Success Research Technology Management. (40(3)). 16-27.
Tsapenko I.P. (2014). Chelovecheskie resursy v sfere nauki i tekhnologiy: sostoyanie i effektivnost ispolzovaniya [Human Resources in Science and Technologies: Status and Efficiency]. World Economy and International Relations. (4). 3-15. (in Russian).
Valdaytsev S.V. (2003). Upravlenie innovatsionnym biznesom [Managing innovative business] (in Russian).
Valdaytsev S.V. (2014). Upravlenie innovatsiyami i intellektualnoy sobstvennostyu firmy [Managing innovations and intellectual property of the company] (in Russian).
Аналитический отчет по итогам обзора рынка российских венчурных фондов за 2016 год: статистический сборникРоссийская ассоциация венчурного инвестирования. РАВИ, 2016. (in Russian). Retrieved December 15, 2017, from http://www.rvca.ru/rus/resource/library/rvca-yearbook/
Аналитический отчет по итогам обзора рынка российских венчурных фондов за 9 месяцев 2015 года: статистический сборникРоссийская ассоциация венчурного инвестирования. РАВИ, 2015. (in Russian). Retrieved December 15, 2017, from http://www.rvca.ru/rus/resource/library/rvca-yearbook/
Лукинова Е.И. Выпуск инновационной продукции организациями промышленного производстваИнформационная бюллетень НИУ ВШМ серии «Наука, технологии, инновации». – 2017. – №37. (in Russian). Retrieved December 15, 2017, from https://issek.hse.ru/data/2017/01/25/1113618301/NTI_N_37_25012017.pdf
Пять уроков самых успешных краудфандинговых кампанийКоммуникативная платформа для малого бизнеса. (in Russian). Retrieved December 15, 2017, from https://spark.ru/startup/trilan/blog/6646/5-urokov-samih-uspeshnih-kraudfandingovih-kampanij
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