The article examines the evolution of the scientific activity of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences's section Problems of Macroeconomics and social market economy (since October 2026 named Systemic research of intersectoral cooperation and economic security) under the transformational processes of the Russian economy and institutional aspects of economic security. The article analyzes the contribution of the section to the formation of the national school of macroeconomics, the development of the concept of a social market economy and scientific and methodological support for state policy in the field of economic security. The research focuses on the continuity of scientific traditions established by leading Russian scientists and the adaptation of the research agenda to modern global challenges and changing global economic relations. The renaming of the section is justified by the need to move from macroeconomic analysis to systematic research of intersectoral cooperation as a tool for strengthening national economic security. The role of the section as a link between academic science and the practice of public administration in solving the problems of socio-economic development of Russia is particularly noted. The long-term work of the section confirms the importance of theoretical analysis combined with social responsibility as the foundation for the formation of an effective economic policy capable of ensuring the national security of Russian society.