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<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of International Economic Affairs</journal-id>
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<journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of International Economic Affairs</journal-title>
<trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
<trans-title>Экономические отношения</trans-title>
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<issn publication-format="electronic">2587-8921</issn>
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<publisher-name xml:lang="en">BIBLIO-GLOBUS Publishing House</publisher-name>
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<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">125940</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18334/eo.16.2.125940</article-id>
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<article-title xml:lang="en">Trade-led growth: empirical evidence from North Macedonia</article-title>
<trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
<trans-title>Trade-led growth: empirical evidence from North Macedonia</trans-title>
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<pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-30" publication-format="electronic">
<day>30</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2026</year>
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<volume>16</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 16, NO2 (2026)</issue-title>
<issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 16, №2 (2026)</issue-title>
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<lpage></lpage>
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<date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-04-21">
<day>21</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2026</year>
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<date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-05-24">
<day>24</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2026</year>
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<copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Voronova T.A., Trokhova E.V., Maslennikova N.V., Selamovski  F.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Voronova T.A., Trokhova E.V., Maslennikova N.V., Selamovski  F.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voronova T.A., Trokhova E.V., Maslennikova N.V., Selamovski  F.</copyright-holder>
<copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voronova T.A., Trokhova E.V., Maslennikova N.V., Selamovski  F.</copyright-holder>
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<self-uri xlink:href="https://1economic.ru/lib/125940">https://1economic.ru/lib/125940</self-uri>
<abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This study aims to test the trade-led growth hypothesis in North Macedonia by estimating an augmented Cobb-Douglas production function for the period 2002-2022. Findings indicate a significant impact of trade openness on economic growth, thus providing grounds to validate the trade-led growth hypothesis. Labor and capital inputs are also found to have significant impact on economic growth. The output elasticities of labor and trade openness showed an increase, while those of capital showed a decrease. Albeit some positive structural shifts are evident, the empirical evidence demonstrates diminishing returns to scale indicating some inefficiencies within the economic system. Structural adjustments combining optimal use of labor, capital and trade openness are needed to maximize returns under evolving conditions.</p>
</abstract>
<trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В данной статье рассмотрена гипотеза роста, обусловленного внешней торговлей в Северной Македонии путем оценки расширенной производственной функции Кобба-Дугласа за период 2002-2022 гг. Результаты указывают на значительное влияние открытости торговли на экономический рост, что дает основания для подтверждения гипотезы. Показано, что затраты на трудовые ресурсы и капитальные вложения также оказывают значительное влияние на экономический рост. Коэффициенты эластичности ВВП по трудовым затратам и открытости торговли продемонстрировали повышение, а по капитальным затратам снижение. Несмотря на некоторые позитивные структурные сдвиги, эмпирические данные демонстрируют убывающую отдачу от масштаба, что указывает на определенные неэффективные аспекты экономической системы. Для максимизации отдачи в меняющихся условиях необходимы структурные корректировки, сочетающие оптимальное использование труда, капитала и открытости торговли.</p>
</trans-abstract>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
<kwd>economic growth</kwd>
<kwd>economic openness</kwd>
<kwd>Cobb-Douglas function</kwd>
<kwd>developing countries</kwd>
<kwd>North Macedonia</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
<kwd>экономический рост</kwd>
<kwd>открытость экономики</kwd>
<kwd>функция Кобба-Дугласа</kwd>
<kwd>развивающиеся страны</kwd>
<kwd>Северная Македония</kwd></kwd-group>
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</front>
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