The purpose of this article is to study the dynamics of agricultural export and import trade between Russia and China from 2000 to 2024, as increasing this cooperation directly impacts food security in both countries, which is especially relevant in the context of sanctions. The objectives of the study are to determine the development of trade relations between the countries, based on the value of Russian agricultural exports to China and Chinese exports to Russia, and to determine the trade balance from 2000 to 2024. The study also aims to establish the total volume of agricultural imports to China from Russia, the United States, and other countries. It also aims to identify priority Russian agricultural products for China in 2023 and 2024. It also aims to identify the factors influencing the expansion of Russian-Chinese trade cooperation. The methodological basis of this study was based on general scientific research methods: analysis, comparison, and summarization of statistical data on agricultural exports and imports between Russia and China in 2000-2024. It was found that the Russian-Chinese trade balance in agricultural products in 2000-2024 in value terms increased fromnbsp;0.158billionto9 billion. The total volume of agricultural imports to China from Russia, the United States, and other countries in 2000-2024 (in billions of US dollars) was determined. However, Russiarsquo;s agricultural exports lag significantly behind those of other countries. The reasons hindering the development of Russian-Chinese trade relations have been identified: foreign trade restrictions (non-tariff), difficulties with investments, problems with the perception of the activities of Chinese farmers by Russian society, barriers in the field of logistics, which requires the optimization of trade relations in order to develop cooperation between Russia and China.