The article presents the results of the analysis of the influence of various socio-economic factors on the processes of reproduction of qualified personnel and the adaptation of young specialists in rural areas of the Middle Urals. It has been established that young specialists consider insufficient practical (practice-oriented) training in an agricultural educational institution to be the most important factor preventing full adaptation (unlike in previous years). They are also very concerned (according to the survey data) about the lack of mentorship in most of the economic entities of the agro-industrial complex. Faster than other young professionals, veterinarians and zooengineers adapt to the new production environment (average adaptation time is 1.5 years). It is recommended to carry out career guidance work on the stages of the reproductive process (preparation in kindergarten - at school - at college - at the university - arrival at the place of work and adaptation to production processes - advanced training - retraining if necessary).