Trends in the formation and use of grain resources can have a significant impact on the level of food security of the Russian Federation, the country's position on the world grain market. The assessment of these processes revealed negative trends: a reduction in the reserves of grain resources of the Russian Federation by 12.5%, production consumption of grain resources by 3.3%, grain exports relative to the level of 2020 by 11.96%. There is a lag from the optimistic scenario of 2021 in grain production, the total volume of its resources, and exports. The following factors had a positive impact on the grain balance: an increase in the volume of grain processing, a reduction in losses. The domestic consumption of grain is fully ensured by its own production. The regional peculiarities of the formation and use of grain resources are revealed: the largest volume of production and industrial consumption of grain falls on the Southern and Central Federal Districts, grain processing is developed in the Central and Volga Federal Districts, the largest volume of grain for export comes from the Southern and Central Federal Districts, the largest share of grain reserves takes place in the Central, Volga, Southern and Siberian Federal Districts. The export-oriented strategy of grain production in Russia has been confirmed. The directions and tasks of the grain complex development are outlined, the implementation of which will serve as a factor for the growth of food security of the Russian Federation.