<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.2 20190208//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.2/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en">
<front> <journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Creative Economy</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title xml:lang="en">Creative Economy</journal-title>
<trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
<trans-title>Креативная экономика</trans-title>
</trans-title-group>
</journal-title-group>
<issn publication-format="print">1994-6929</issn>
<issn publication-format="electronic">2409-4684</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name xml:lang="en">BIBLIO-GLOBUS Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta><article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">123964</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18334/ce.19.10.123964</article-id>
<article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">SHTPLB</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
<subject>Articles</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
<subject>Статьи</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="article-type">
<subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">The paradox of digital asymmetry: patient communities versus the healthcare system logic</article-title>
<trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
<trans-title>Парадокс цифровой асимметрии: сообщества пациентов против логики системы здравоохранения</trans-title>
</trans-title-group>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2247-9003</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7021-8298</contrib-id>
<name-alternatives>
<name xml:lang="en">
<surname>Ushakova</surname>
<given-names>Olga Mikhaylovna</given-names>
</name>
<name xml:lang="ru">
<surname>Ушакова</surname>
<given-names>Ольга Михайловна</given-names>
</name>
</name-alternatives>
<bio xml:lang="ru">
<p>доцент кафедры медицинской информатики и биологической физики, к.филос.н.</p>
</bio>
<email>uschakova.om@yandex.ru</email>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
</contrib>

<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3092-0022</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1344-3897</contrib-id>
<name-alternatives>
<name xml:lang="en">
<surname>Strelnikov</surname>
<given-names>Sergey Sergeevich</given-names>
</name>
<name xml:lang="ru">
<surname>Стрельников</surname>
<given-names>Сергей Сергеевич</given-names>
</name>
</name-alternatives>
<bio xml:lang="ru">
<p>доцент кафедры медицинской информатики и биологической физики, к.филос.н.</p>
</bio>
<email>sss15@yandex.ru</email>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1">
<aff>
<institution xml:lang="en">Tyumen State Medical University</institution>
</aff>
<aff>
<institution xml:lang="ru">Тюменский государственный медицинский университет</institution>
</aff>
</aff-alternatives>        
        
<pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-31" publication-format="print">
<day>31</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>19</volume>
<issue>10</issue>
<issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 19, NO10 (2025)</issue-title>
<issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 19, №10 (2025)</issue-title>
<fpage>2695</fpage>
<lpage>2714</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-04">
<day>04</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2025</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-29">
<day>29</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2025</year>
</date>
</history>

<permissions>
<copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Ushakova O.M., Strelnikov S.S.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Ушакова О.М., Стрельников С.С.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ushakova O.M., Strelnikov S.S.</copyright-holder>
<copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ушакова О.М., Стрельников С.С.</copyright-holder>
<ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-10-31"/>
</permissions>



<self-uri xlink:href="https://1economic.ru/lib/123964">https://1economic.ru/lib/123964</self-uri>
<abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article shows that the formal digitalization of healthcare without changing the logic of processes generates a paradox of digital asymmetry: institutional closeness and administrative burden increase, while civil networks of self-organization compensate for the lack of support. The article aims to describe this paradox through the prism of institutional economics and the distribution of public goods, with an emphasis on the role of network communities of patients and their relatives. 

Methodologically, the research is based on an analysis of Russian and foreign literature, concepts of institutional economics, and a case study of online community practices. The article proposes a distinction between the concepts of digitalization and digital transformation.
 Three levels of asymmetry are identified: access to medical information, the possibility of using digital services, and the impact on the design and management of platforms. It is shown that bureaucratic culture and control procedures reproduce closeness and undermine trust. Horizontal mutual aid communities perform the functions of navigation, emotional support, exchange of practical knowledge and joint production of services, reducing transaction costs. The directions of transformation are proposed. They are: human-centered transformation of services, integration of data, inclusion of communities in joint design, and strengthening public accountability.</p>
</abstract>
<trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье показано, что формальная цифровизация здравоохранения без изменения логики процессов порождает парадокс цифровой асимметрии: усиливается институциональная закрытость и административное бремя, тогда как гражданские сети самоорганизации компенсируют дефицит поддержки. Целью исследования является описание этого парадокса через призму институциональной экономики и распределения общественных благ, с акцентом на роль сетевых сообществ пациентов и их родственников. Методологически работа опирается на анализ российской и зарубежной литературы, концепты институциональной экономики и кейс-обзор практик онлайн-сообществ. Разведены понятия цифровизации и цифровой трансформации; выделены три уровня асимметрии: доступ к медицинской информации, возможности использования цифровых сервисов и влияние на проектирование и управление платформами. Показано, что бюрократическая культура и процедуры контроля воспроизводят закрытость и подрывают доверие. Горизонтальные сообщества взаимопомощи выполняют функции навигации, эмоциональной поддержки, обмена практическими знаниями и совместного производства услуг, снижая транзакционные издержки. Предложены направления преобразований: человекоцентричная трансформация услуг, интеграция данных, включение сообществ в совместное проектирование и усиление публичной подотчётности.</p>
</trans-abstract>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
<kwd>digitalization</kwd>
<kwd>digital transformation</kwd>
<kwd>digital asymmetry</kwd>
<kwd>healthcare</kwd>
<kwd>institutional economics</kwd>
<kwd>patient community</kwd>
<kwd>support group</kwd>
<kwd>bureaucratic closeness</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
<kwd>цифровизация</kwd>
<kwd>цифровая трансформация</kwd>
<kwd>цифровая асимметрия</kwd>
<kwd>здравоохранение</kwd>
<kwd>институциональная экономика</kwd>
<kwd>сообщества пациентов</kwd>
<kwd>группы поддержки</kwd>
<kwd>бюрократическая закрытость</kwd></kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back> <ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1.</label>
<mixed-citation>1. Бахтаирова Е.А. Цифровая трансформация государственного управления и новая электронная бюрократия // Креативная экономика. – 2021. – № 6. – c. 2673-2692. – doi: 10.18334/ce.15.6.112253.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2.</label>
<mixed-citation>2. Галицкая В.А., Мещерякова Н.Н. «Цифровые парадоксы» в системе здравоохранения // Вопросы государственного и муниципального управления. – 2022. – № 4. – c. 176-196. – doi: 10.17323/1999-5431-2022-0-4-176-196.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3.</label>
<mixed-citation>3. Добринская Д.Е., Мартыненко Т.С. Возможно ли цифровое равенство? (о книге Я. ван Дейка «Цифровой разрыв») // Социологические исследования. – 2020. – № 10. – c. 158-164. – doi: 10.31857/S013216250009459-7.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4.</label>
<mixed-citation>4. Норт Д. Институты, институциональные изменения и функционирование экономики. / Монография. - Москва: Фонд экономической книги «Начала», 1997. – 180 c.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5.</label>
<mixed-citation>5. Плотичкина Н.В. Теоретические модели социально-цифрового неравенства (Э. Хелспер, И. Мариен): сравнительный обзор // Журнал социологии и социальной антропологии. – 2024. – № 3. – c. 7-38. – doi: 10.31119/jssa.2024.27.3.1.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6.</label>
<mixed-citation>6. Тарасенко Е.А. Patient 2.0: коммуникации пациентов и врачей в социальных сетях // XIII Междунар. науч. конф. по проблемам развития экономики и общества. Москва, 2012. – c. 203-210.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7.</label>
<mixed-citation>7. Хиршман А.О. Выход, голос и верность: реакция на упадок фирм, организаций и государств. - Москва: Фонд Либеральная миссия, 2009. – 153 c.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8.</label>
<mixed-citation>8. Bachmann P., Hruska Ja. Alzheimer Caregiving Problems According to ADLs: Evidence from Facebook Support Groups // International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. – 2022. – № 11. – p. 6423. – doi: 10.3390/ijerph19116423.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9.</label>
<mixed-citation>9. Benson Ja.J., Oliver D.P., Washington K.T., Rolbiecki A.J., Lombardo C.B., Garza Ju.E., Demiris G. Online social support groups for informal caregivers of hospice patients with cancer // European Journal of Oncology Nursing. – 2020. – p. 101698. – doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2019.101698.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10.</label>
<mixed-citation>10. What’s Measured Is What Matters: Targets and Gaming in the English Public Health Care System // Public Administration. – 2006. – № 3. – p. 517-538. – doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9299.2006.00600.x.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11.</label>
<mixed-citation>11. Castells M. Https://voidnetwork.gr/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Networks-of-Outrage-and-Hope-Social-Movements-in-the-Internet-Age-Manuel-Castells.pdf. Polity press. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://voidnetwork.gr/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Networks-of-Outrage-and-Hope-Social-Movements-in-the-Internet-Age-Manuel-Castells.pdf.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12.</label>
<mixed-citation>12. Coulson N.S., Greenwood N. Families affected by childhood cancer: an analysis of the provision of social support within online support groups // Child: care, health and development. – 2012. – № 6. – p. 870-877. – doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01316.x.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13.</label>
<mixed-citation>13. Coulson N. S., Buchanan H., Aubeeluck A. Social support in cyberspace: a content analysis of communication within a Huntington's disease online support group // Patient education and counseling. – 2007. – № 2. – p. 173-178. – doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2007.06.002.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14.</label>
<mixed-citation>14. Halbesleben J.R.B., Wakefield D.S., Wakefield B.J. Workarounds in Health Care Settings: Literature Review and Research Agenda // Health Care Management Review. – 2008. – № 1. – p. 2-12. – doi: 10.1097/01.HMR.0000304495.95522.ca.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15.</label>
<mixed-citation>15. Hanelt A., Bohnsack R., Marz D., Antunes Marante C. Systematic Review of the Literature on Digital Transformation: Insights and Implications for Strategy and Organizational Change // Journal of Management Studies. – 2021. – № 5. – p. 1159-1197. – doi: 10.1111/joms.12639.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16.</label>
<mixed-citation>16. Herd P., Moynihan D. Health care administrative burdens: Centering patient experiences // Health Services Research. – 2021. – № 5. – p. 751-754. – doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.13858.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17.</label>
<mixed-citation>17. Hood C. The Blame Game: Spin, Bureaucracy, and Self-Preservation in Government. - Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011. – 242 p.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18.</label>
<mixed-citation>18. Koppel R., Wetterneck T., Telles J.L., Karsh B.-T. Workarounds to Barcode Medication Administration Systems: Their Occurrences, Causes, and Threats to Patient Safety // Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. – 2008. – № 4. – p. 408-423. – doi: 10.1197/jamia.M2616.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19.</label>
<mixed-citation>19. Legner Ch., Eymann T., Hess T., Matt Ch., Böhmann T., Drews P., Mädche A., Urbach N., Ahlemann F. Digitalization: Opportunity and Challenge for the Business and Information Systems Engineering Community // Business Information Systems Engineering. – 2017. – № 4. – p. 301-308. – doi: 10.1007/s12599-017-0484-2.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20.</label>
<mixed-citation>20. Lipsky M. Street-Level Bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the Individual in Public Services. - New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2010.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21.</label>
<mixed-citation>21. Maćkowiak M., Senczyszyn A., Lion K., Trypka E., Małecka M., Ciułkowicz M., Mazurek Ju., Świderska R., Giebel C., Gabbay M., Rymaszewska J., Szcześniak D. The Experiences of People with Dementia and Informal Carers Related to the Closure of Social and Medical Services in Poland during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Qualitative Study // Healthcare. – 2021. – № 12. – p. 1677. – doi: 10.3390/healthcare9121677.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22.</label>
<mixed-citation>22. Melnick E.R., Fong A., Nath B., Williams B., Ratwani R.M., Goldstein R., O’Connell R.T., Sinsky Ch.A., Marchalik D., Mete M. Analysis of Electronic Health Record Use and Clinical Productivity and Their Association With Physician Turnover // JAMA Network Open. – 2021. – № 10. – p. e2128790. – doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28790.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23.</label>
<mixed-citation>23. Peeters R. The Political Economy of Administrative Burdens // Public Administration Review. – 2020. – № 1. – p. 129-139.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24.</label>
<mixed-citation>24. Pierson P. Increasing Returns, Path Dependence, and the Study of Politics // American Political Science Review. – 2000. – № 2. – p. 251-267. – doi: 10.2307/2586011.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25.</label>
<mixed-citation>25. Richardson S., Lawrence K., Schoenthaler A.M., Mann D. Framework for Digital Health Equity // Npj Digital Medicine. – 2022. – № 1. – p. 1-6. – doi: 10.1038/s41746-022-00663-0.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26.</label>
<mixed-citation>26. Trail T., Friedman E., Rutter C.M., Tanielian T. The Relationship Between Engagement in Online Support Groups and Social Isolation Among Military Caregivers: Longitudinal Questionnaire Study // Journal of Medical Internet Research. – 2020. – № 4. – p. e16423. – doi: 10.2196/16423.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27.</label>
<mixed-citation>27. Wang Q., Guan Zh. Can Sunlight Disperse Mistrust? A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Transparency on Trust in Government // Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. – 2022. – № 3. – p. 453-467. – doi: 10.1093/jopart/muac040.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28.</label>
<mixed-citation>28. Weerakkody V., Irani Z., Kapoor K., Sivarajah U., Dwivedi Y.K. Open Data and Its Usability: An Empirical View from the Citizen’s Perspective // Information Systems Frontiers. – 2017. – № 2. – p. 285-300. – doi: 10.1007/s10796-016-9679-1.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>