The article examines the nature, classification and key factors in the selection of a site for the implementation of large infrastructure projects in Russia. The authors consider the main types of infrastructure initiatives, including transportation, energy, water, information and communication, social and environmental projects, highlighting their goals, features and risks. Special attention is paid to the analysis of factors influencing the choice of location: natural-territorial complexes, organizational and administrative structure, and the level of socio-economic development of the regions. The authors consider three key groups of factors: natural-territorial complexes, forms of organizational and administrative structure and level of socio-economic development of territories. These factors play an important role in determining the technical and economic feasibility of projects. The results of the study can be used to develop strategies for territorial development, optimize the placement of infrastructure facilities and increase the efficiency of public administration in this area.