<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.2 20190208//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.2/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en">
<front> <journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of International Economic Affairs</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of International Economic Affairs</journal-title>
<trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
<trans-title>Экономические отношения</trans-title>
</trans-title-group>
</journal-title-group>
<issn publication-format="electronic">2587-8921</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name xml:lang="en">BIBLIO-GLOBUS Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta><article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">122953</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18334/eo.15.2.122953</article-id>
<article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">MBFQLL</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
<subject>Articles</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
<subject>Статьи</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="article-type">
<subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en">Chinese investments and migration in the European Union: trends, characteristics and consequences</article-title>
<trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
<trans-title>Китайские инвестиции и китайская миграция в Европейском союзе: тренды, особенности, последствия</trans-title>
</trans-title-group>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">

<name-alternatives>
<name xml:lang="en">
<surname>Pinchuk</surname>
<given-names>Viktor Nikolaevich</given-names>
</name>
<name xml:lang="ru">
<surname>Пинчук </surname>
<given-names>Виктор Николаевич</given-names>
</name>
</name-alternatives>
<bio xml:lang="ru">
<p>Профессор, д.э.н.</p>
</bio>
<email>pinchuk_vn@pfur.ru</email>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
</contrib>

<contrib contrib-type="author">

<name-alternatives>
<name xml:lang="en">
<surname>Ryazantsev</surname>
<given-names>Sergey Vasilevich</given-names>
</name>
<name xml:lang="ru">
<surname>Рязанцев </surname>
<given-names>Сергей Васильевич</given-names>
</name>
</name-alternatives>
<bio xml:lang="ru">
<p>член-корреспондент РАН, профессор, д.э.н.</p>
</bio>
<email>riazan@mail.ru</email>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
</contrib>

<contrib contrib-type="author">

<name-alternatives>
<name xml:lang="en">
<surname>Sokolan</surname>
<given-names>Darya Sergeevna</given-names>
</name>
<name xml:lang="ru">
<surname>Соколан </surname>
<given-names>Дарья Сергеевна</given-names>
</name>
</name-alternatives>
<bio xml:lang="ru">
<p>Доцент, к.э.н.,</p>
</bio>
<email>sokolan_d@pfur.ru</email>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1">
<aff>
<institution xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</institution>
</aff>
<aff>
<institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution>
</aff>
</aff-alternatives>        
        
<pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-30" publication-format="electronic">
<day>30</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>15</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 15, NO2 (2025)</issue-title>
<issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 15, №2 (2025)</issue-title>
<fpage>397</fpage>
<lpage>414</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-03-24">
<day>24</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-04-17">
<day>17</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2025</year>
</date>
</history>

<permissions>
<copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Pinchuk V.N., Ryazantsev S.V., Sokolan D.S.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Пинчук В.Н., Рязанцев С.В., Соколан Д.С.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pinchuk V.N., Ryazantsev S.V., Sokolan D.S.</copyright-holder>
<copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пинчук В.Н., Рязанцев С.В., Соколан Д.С.</copyright-holder>
<ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-06-30"/>
</permissions>



<self-uri xlink:href="https://1economic.ru/lib/122953">https://1economic.ru/lib/122953</self-uri>
<abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article conducts a study of Chinese outward investment in the European Union and analyzes the provision of golden visas to Chinese citizens. It was found that the growth of Chinese investment in European Union countries is not only related to the implementation of China's government programs and initiatives such as Go Outside, One Belt, One Road and Made in China 2025, but also to the start of the issuance of golden visas in some EU countries.

 Chinese investors and their family members turned out to be the main recipients of golden visas in most European countries.

 Southern European countries and Hungary have become the most attractive countries for Chinese investors to obtain golden visas. 

The article analyzed the migration flows of Chinese citizens to the European Union countries related to the Golden Visa program.
According to the results of the study, the authors conclude that there may be a change in the migration flow from China to European countries due to the tightening of migration policies and the curtailment of the issuance of golden visas.</p>
</abstract>
<trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В данной статье проводится исследование китайских иностранных инвестиций в странах Европейского союза и анализ предоставления «золотых виз» китайским гражданам. Было выявлено, что рост китайских инвестиций в странах Европейского союза был связан не только с реализацией государственных программ и инициатив Китая «Идти вовне», «Один пояс – один путь», «Сделано в Китае 2025», но и началом выдачи «золотых виз» в некоторых странах ЕС. Основными получателями «золотых виз» в большинстве европейских стран оказались китайские инвесторы и члены их семей. Наиболее привлекательными странами для китайских инвесторов для получения «золотых виз» стали страны Южной Европы и Венгрия. В статье были также проанализированы миграционные потоки граждан Китая в страны Европейского союза, связанные с программой «золотых виз». По результатам исследования, авторами делается вывод о возможном изменении миграционного потока из Китая в европейские страны, в связи с ужесточением миграционной политики и сворачиванием выдачи «золотых виз»</p>
</trans-abstract>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
<kwd>Europe</kwd>
<kwd>European Union</kwd>
<kwd>golden visa</kwd>
<kwd>China</kwd>
<kwd>Chinese foreign direct investment</kwd>
<kwd>migrant</kwd>
<kwd>migration</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
<kwd>Европа</kwd>
<kwd>Европейский союз</kwd>
<kwd>золотая виза</kwd>
<kwd>Китай</kwd>
<kwd>китайские прямые иностранные инвестиции</kwd>
<kwd>мигранты</kwd>
<kwd>миграция</kwd></kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back> <ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1.</label>
<mixed-citation>1. Андронова И. В., Соколан Д. С. Ведущие экономики Европейского союза под давлением прямых китайских инвестиций // Вестник Ростовского государственного экономического университета (РИНХ). – 2019. – № 2. – c. 19-26.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2.</label>
<mixed-citation>2. Анохина Е.С. Китайские диаспоры США и Канады и «Новая» китайская миграция // Вестн. Том. гос. ун-та. – 2012. – № 355. – c. 51-54. – url: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kitayskie-diaspory-ssha-i-kanady-i-novaya-kitayskaya-migratsiya.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3.</label>
<mixed-citation>3. Гельбрас В.Г. Россия в условиях глобальной китайской миграции. - Москва, Муравей, 2004.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4.</label>
<mixed-citation>4. Добрынина М.И. Итайская миграция в условиях модернизации: российский вектор // Вестник ЗабГУ. – 2023. – № 1. – c. 149-157. – url: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kitayskaya-migratsiya-v-usloviyah-modernizatsii-rossiyskiy-vektor.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5.</label>
<mixed-citation>5. Дрямина Н. Обратная сторона «золотой визы». Euronews, 11.10.2018. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://ru.euronews.com/my-europe/2018/10/10/eu-golden-visas (дата обращения: 25.09.2024).</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6.</label>
<mixed-citation>6. Airbus SE. Official website. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.airbus.com/en (дата обращения: 14.08.2024).</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7.</label>
<mixed-citation>7. Amante M.F., Rodrigues I. Mobility regimes and the crisis: the changing face of Chinese migration due to the Portuguese golden visa policy // Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. – 2021. – № 17. – p. 4081-4099.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8.</label>
<mixed-citation>8. Auzins A., Viesturs J. International Real Estate Transaction In Latvia 2011-2015: Theoretical And Practical Aspects. Economic Science for Rural Development Conference Proceedings, 2016. Issue 41, pp. 292-300</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9.</label>
<mixed-citation>9. BASF AG. Official website. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.basf.com/ru/ru.html (дата обращения: 16.08.2024).</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10.</label>
<mixed-citation>10. Bayer A/G. Official website. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.bayer.com/en/ (дата обращения: 16.08.2024).</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11.</label>
<mixed-citation>11. Beck F. Chinese “Golden Visa” Migrants in Budapest // Chinese migration in Europe. – 2021.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12.</label>
<mixed-citation>12. Bindi F. Why Did Italy Embrace the Belt and Road Initiative?. Carnegie Endowment For International Peace. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://carnegieendowment.org/2019/05/20/why-did-italy-embrace-belt-and-road-initiative-pub-79149 (дата обращения: 14.09.2024).</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13.</label>
<mixed-citation>13. Brillaud L., Martini M. Golden Visas: Facts and Figures. Transparency International. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/resrep20548.4.pdf (дата обращения: 22.08.2024).</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14.</label>
<mixed-citation>14. Esteban M. Chinese Investment in Spain: Open for Business, but Not at Any Price. Elcano Royal Institute Príncipe de Vergara, 6.02.2018. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://media.realinstitutoelcano.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/ari14-2018-esteban-oteroiglesias-chinese-investment-spain.pdf (дата обращения: 12.10.2024).</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15.</label>
<mixed-citation>15. European Golden Visas: residence by investment. Etias, 24.05.2022. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.etiasvisa.com/etias-news/european-golden-visas#:~:text=What%20is%20a%20golden%20visa,typically%20aimed%20at%20wealthy%20individuals (дата обращения: 12.08.2024).</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16.</label>
<mixed-citation>16. Gaspar S., Haro F.A. // OnlineInternational Migration. – 2020. – p. 58-72. – url: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/imig.12621?casa_token=3fN-VuOuiMQAAAAA%3AXI_LsjnZQcXeCvvWd5G3aALg_2l_fubrwe7X_Z_lnZyb4ip4f3N3KiTBp6OSrkoONAfI42t5a7gAsxnh.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17.</label>
<mixed-citation>17. Heney P. 2021 Global RD Funding Forecast released. RD world, 22.02.2021. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.rdworldonline.com/2021-global-rd-funding-forecast-released/#:~:text=In%20this%2C%20our%2062nd%20iteration,across%20more%20than%20115%20countries (дата обращения: 20.08.2024).</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18.</label>
<mixed-citation>18. Holzmann A., Zenglein M. Evolving Made in China 2025. China’s industrial policy in the quest for global tech leadership. MERICS Mercator Institute for China Studies, 2019. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.merics.org/en/papers-on-china/evolving-made-in-china-2025 (дата обращения: 10.08.2024).</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19.</label>
<mixed-citation>19. Italy Golden Visa: The Ultimate Guide. Get Golden Visa, 22.08.2022. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://getgoldenvisa.com/italy-golden-visa (дата обращения: 12.10.2024).</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20.</label>
<mixed-citation>20. Kratz A., Zenglein M., Brown A., Sebastian G., Meyer A. Chinese FDI in Europe: 2023 Update. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://rhg.com/research/chinese-fdi-in-europe-2023-update/ (дата обращения: 25.03.2025).</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21.</label>
<mixed-citation>21. Mercedes-Benz Group. Official website. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://group.mercedes-benz.com/en/ (дата обращения: 12.08.2024).</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22.</label>
<mixed-citation>22. Milano, rivolta a Chinatown. Scontri, feriti e auto distrutte. La Repubblica, 12.04.2007. Milan, facing Chinatown. Clashes, injuries and wrecked cars. La Repubblica, 12.04.2007. (In Ital.) Available at: http://www.repubblica.it/2007/04/sezioni/cronaca/milano-rivolta-cinesi/milano-rivolta-cinesi/milano-rivolta-cinesi. html/ (accessed 20.09.2024)</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23.</label>
<mixed-citation>23. Plewa P., Stermsek M. Labour Migration From China To Europe: Scope And Potential. International Labour Organization and International Organization for Migration, 2017. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl486/files/country/docs/china/r2_labour_migration_from_china_to_europe_en.pdf (дата обращения: 15.09.2024).</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24.</label>
<mixed-citation>24. Portuguese Immigration and Border Guard. Sef, 2018. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.sef.pt/en/Pages/homepage.aspx (дата обращения: 22.09.2024).</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25.</label>
<mixed-citation>25. Residence permits - statistics on first permits issued during the year. Eurostat, 12.09.2024. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Residence_permits_-_statistics_on_first_permits_issued_during_the_year (дата обращения: 18.01.2025).</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26.</label>
<mixed-citation>26. Sauvant K., Chen V. China's regulatory framework. for outward foreign direct investment // China Economic Journal. – 2014. – № 7. – p. 141-163.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27.</label>
<mixed-citation>27. Scarcia L. La comunità cinese in Italia: successo economico e famiglia. PiuCulture, 6.03.2020. Scarcia L. The Chinese community in Italy: economic success and family. PiuCulture, 06.03.2020. (In Ital.) Available at: https://www.piuculture.it/2020/05/la-comunita-cinese-in-italia-successo-economico-e-famiglia/ (accessed 20.09.2024) URL: https://www.piuculture.it/2020/05/la-comunita-cinese-in-italia-successo-economico-e-famiglia/.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28.</label>
<mixed-citation>28. Submission of the application through a proxy, without the obligation to previously enter Greece. Enterprise Greece InvestTrade. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.enterprisegreece.gov.gr/en/greece-today/living-in-greece/residence-permits (дата обращения: 22.09.2024).</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29.</label>
<mixed-citation>29. Surak K. Who wants to buy a visa? Comparing the uptake of residence by investment programs in the European Union // Issue 1: Counter-Narratives of Europe. – 2022. – p. 151-169.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30.</label>
<mixed-citation>30. UK scraps rich foreign investor visa scheme, BBC NEWS, 17.02.2022. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-60410844 (дата обращения: 30.08.2022).</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31.</label>
<mixed-citation>31. Volvo Group. Official website. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://www.volvocars.com/ru/ (дата обращения: 14.08.2024).</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32.</label>
<mixed-citation>32. World Investment Report 2024: Investment facilitation and digital government. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: https://unctad.org/publication/world-investment-report-2024 (дата обращения: 10.01.2025).</mixed-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>